If a Salesforce user does not have the correct permission to execute Apex code using a SOAP API call exposed in the Apex WSDL (Web Services Description Language), the following error occurs:
"You don't have permission to execute Apex."
This error commonly occurs when a developer or integration user attempts to run anonymous Apex code using the executeAnonymous() API call — for example, via Workbench, the Salesforce Developer Console, or a third-party integration tool.
executeAnonymous() API call or any other SOAP API call exposed in the Apex WSDL.Trailblazer Community - Unable to set Author Apex Permission
000386957

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