Sometimes the deployment fails with the permission "Error: Unknown user permission: ManageNetworks" while deploying profile. This means that your target organization does not have community enabled.
When deploying a Profile, the deployment may fail with the following error:
Error: Unknown user permission: ManageNetworks
This error occurs because the source organization has Salesforce Experience Cloud (formerly known as Salesforce Communities) enabled, and the "Create and Set Up Communities" permission — internally referenced as ManageNetworks — is included in the source Profile. The target organization does not have Experience Cloud enabled, so it does not recognize the ManageNetworks permission and rejects the deployment.
Root Cause
The ManageNetworks permission is enabled in the source org's Profile but does not exist in the target org because Salesforce Experience Cloud (Communities) has not been enabled there.
How to Fix
package.xml file from the source org (the Profile should no longer include the ManageNetworks permission).Removing this permission from the source Profile before retrieval and deployment prevents the unrecognized ManageNetworks permission from being included in the Change Set and resolves the deployment failure.
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