Only an Administrator or user in your Exchange environment can load the Debug Tool and get a trace of some potential areas to check.
When getting errors while using Outlook Integration in the Desktop Outlook application or in Outlook on the web in a browser, a good place to start debugging is by validating settings in the Salesforce org under Setup and Outlook Integration and Sync. See the Outlook Integration Implementation guide for more information on setup and settings.
Most often, errors are due to missing configurations on the Exchange On-Premises or Online server. Please log a ticket with Microsoft for assistance configuring the Exchange server. Logs can be collected on the Exchange server to comprehend when the server receives requests from Salesforce and why it doesn't respond successfully or raises errors
The Debug Tool abstracts all of Salesforce's ecosystem to assess general connectivity of Exchange, including its Web Services endpoint, and to retrieve the security token generated by the Exchange server (JWT). If errors are seen with the Debug Tool, please address them first before switching to use Outlook Integration. Work with your Exchange Administrator to ensure Salesforce can access some of the endpoints required by the app and/or involve Microsoft Support for assistance with server configurations.
Log in to the Exchange Admin Center and follow the steps to Deploy add-in in the Microsoft 365 admin center.
Outlook Integration Implementation Guide
Salesforce Support Video - Outlook Integration and Salesforce Inbox | Expert Coaching
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