Customize Salesforce Case Comment Related List with Inline Editing Using Visualforce and Apex Controller

The standard "save" functionality cannot be used since it redirects the page after the save. The solution below can be embedded into a Case Page Layout and allows users to modify the isPublished value of Case Comments inline.

Sample Code : Visual force page:
 

<!-- This is a Custom VisualForce page that will display the CaseComments related list. 
It also has input field for the user to change the value of isPublished on CaseComments. 
Embed this page into a Case Page Layout -->

<apex:page standardcontroller="case"  extensions="checkbox" tabstyle="case">
    <apex:pageBlock title="Case Comments" mode="new" >    
        <apex:form >
        <apex:commandButton value="Save" action="{!customSave}"/> 
            <!-- This is the Custom Save Button -->
                <apex:pageBlockTable value="{!Records}" var="index">    
                     <!-- The pageBlockTable iterates through the list of the custom Class -->
                    <apex:column > <apex:inputCheckbox value="{!index.published}"/> </apex:column>    <!-- Stores the input value from the user -->
                    <apex:column value="{!index.comment.isPublished}"/>    
                         <!--Display the CaseComments information -->
                    <apex:column value="{!index.comment.CommentBody}"/>
                </apex:pageblocktable>
        </apex:form>
    </apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

Sample Code : Apex Class
 

public class checkbox {
    public class AssignComment        
      // This class will be used to store the corresponding input from the user and the CaseComment.
    {  
        public CaseComment comment {get; set;}  //This will store the CaseComment.
        public Boolean published {get; set;} //This will store the input from the user.
        public AssignComment(){}   //Empty constructor.
    }    
    public List<assignComment> Records {get; set;}   
        //This will store the list of CaseComments as well as the corresponding user inputs.
    public checkbox(ApexPages.StandardController controller)
    {
        Records = new List<AssignComment>();          
        Case Record = (Case) controller.getRecord();   
          //Get case from controller.
        for (CaseComment Node : [Select commentBody, isPublished from CaseComment where parentId = :Record.Id])   
           //Query and loop through all the CaseComments.
        {
            assignComment temp = new AssignComment();  
            // Create temp to insert into the list Records.
            temp.comment = Node;
            temp.published = Node.isPublished;
            Records.add(Temp);
        }
    }
    public PageReference CustomSave()    
      //This class will take the input from the user and update the corresponding CaseComments.
    {
        List<CaseComment> updateList = new List<CaseComment>();    
        //Create a list of CaseComments to be updated.
        for (AssignComment a : Records)   //Loop through Records.
        {
            a.comment.isPublished = a.published;    
             //Update CaseComments with user input.
            updateList.add(a.comment);
        }
        update(updateList);
        return null;
    }  
}

Customization Notes

This code is a sample implementation for the Case Comment related list. Before deploying to production: replace the isPublished field references with your actual target field API names; replace the CaseComment object references with the target related object; add error handling for DML exceptions (try/catch with ApexPages.addMessage); consider adding CRUD/FLS checks before querying and updating; test with your org's specific page layout and profile assignments.