In Salesforce, a Permission Set is a collection of settings and permissions that gives users access to specific tools and functions beyond what their profile provides. There are two types of Permission Sets in Salesforce:
By default, every Salesforce user is assigned to the Profile-owned Permission Set, which is not visible in the Salesforce User Interface. When you query the PermissionSetAssignment object through Data Loader or Workbench, you will see these system-generated assignments alongside any user-created ones. To find users who have NOT been explicitly assigned a user-created Permission Set, use the query and steps below.
To identify Salesforce users who are not assigned any user-created (non-profile-owned) Permission Sets, follow these steps using Data Loader:
Select AssigneeId, PermissionSet.isOwnedByProfile FROM PermissionSetAssignment WHERE PermissionSet.isOwnedByProfile = FalseNote: The Step 4 export shows users who HAVE a user-created Permission Set. Users NOT in that list are the ones without an explicit assignment. Every user will always appear in Permission Set queries with at least one profile-owned assignment — this is expected Salesforce behavior.
Important: Assistance with troubleshooting SOQL queries or gathering data via API tools such as Workbench or Data Loader is outside the scope of Salesforce Premier Support.
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