The standard 'Log a Call' global action is not yet available under Outlook Integration side panel. However, there is a known workaround that we can do in order to have this functionality, and this is by creating a custom 'Log a Call' button that targets Task records for creation. If we add some predefined values, the created records could show as a Call type.
Here are the workaround steps to create a custom 'Log a Call' button for Outlook integration with Salesforce:
000389237

We use three kinds of cookies on our websites: required, functional, and advertising. You can choose whether functional and advertising cookies apply. Click on the different cookie categories to find out more about each category and to change the default settings.
Privacy Statement
Required cookies are necessary for basic website functionality. Some examples include: session cookies needed to transmit the website, authentication cookies, and security cookies.
Functional cookies enhance functions, performance, and services on the website. Some examples include: cookies used to analyze site traffic, cookies used for market research, and cookies used to display advertising that is not directed to a particular individual.
Advertising cookies track activity across websites in order to understand a viewer’s interests, and direct them specific marketing. Some examples include: cookies used for remarketing, or interest-based advertising.