The attached example workbook uses the sample data set Superstore to demonstrate creating a filter for [Product Container] that only has 3 container options.
 

Option 1: Use a Set as a Filter

1. Right-click [Product Container] in the data pane, and select Create > Set…
2. In the Create Set dialog, do the following and click OK:
   1. Check all options that should appear in the final filter card
   2. Name the Set something like Product Container Set
3. Remove [Product Container] from the Filters shelf
4. Drag [Product Container Set] to the Filter shelf

Option 2: Exclusion Filter Using Only Relevant Values 

1. Right-click [Product Container] in the data pane, and select Duplicate
2. Drag [Product Container (copy)] to the Filters shelf
3. In the Filter dialog, check all options that should appear in the final filter card and click OK
4. Right-click the Product Container card in the view and select Only Relevant Values

Option 3: Use a Parameter as a Filter (can be used with blended data)

1. In the data pane, right-click the [Product Container] field and select Create > Parameter…
2. Tableau Desktop will automatically populate the values of [Product Container] in the parameter. In the Create Parameter dialog box, do the following and click OK
   1. Add "All" to the List of values
   2. Remove all options that should not appear in the final filter card
3. Right-click [Product Container Parameter] in the data pane and select Show Parameter Control
4. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field
5. In the Calculated Field dialog box that opens, do the following, and then click OK:
   1. Name the calculated field. In this example, the calculated field is named "Product Container Filter Calc"
   2. In the formula field, create a calculation similar to the following:
      
      [Product Container] = [Product Container Parameter]
      OR [Product Container Parameter] = "All"
      OR ISNULL( [Product Container] )
      
      This calculation will filter the view to the product container selected in [Product Container Parameter], or all product containers if "All" is selected. If there are any NULL product containers, they will always be shown in the view
6. Replace [Product Container]  on the Filters shelf with [Product Container Filter Calc]
7. In the Filter dialog, check True and click OK

Option 4: Use a Set Action

Set Actions are a new feature added in Tableau Desktop 2019.1

1. Rename the worksheet something like "worksheet to be filtered"
2. Remove [Product Container] from the Filters shelf
3. Right-click [Product Container] in the data pane and select Duplicate
4. Drag [Product Container (copy)] to the Filters shelf
5. In the Filters dialog, check all options that should show in the view
   Note: Steps 3-5 allow the view to show more options than the end can choose from. In this example, "Medium Box" always shows in the view.
6. Right-click [Product Container] in the data pane and select Create > Set…
7. Rename the set something like "Product Container Set" and click OK
8. Create a new worksheet, named "filter worksheet"
9. Drag [Product Container] to the Rows as well as to Color on the Marks card
10. Drag [Product Container] to the Filters shelf
11. In the Filter dialog, check only the options that the end user should be able to see
12. Create a dashboard and drag both worksheets onto the dashboard
13. Navigate to Dashboard > Actions…
14. In the Action dialog select Add Action > Change Set Values…
15. In the Set Action dialog, do the following:
    1. For Source Sheets, check only filter worksheet
    2. For Target Set, select Product Container Set
    3. For Clearing the select will, select Add all values to set
16. Click OK twice to close all dialogs
17. Navigate back to the "worksheet to be filtered" worksheet
18. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field
19. In the Calculated Field dialog box that opens, do the following, and then click OK:
    1. Name the calculated field. In this example, the calculated field is named "Product Container Filter (set)"
    2. In the formula field, create a calculation similar to the following:
       
       [Product Container] = IF [Product Container Set] THEN [Product Container] END
       OR [Product Container] = "Medium Box"
       
       The above calculation will compare the dimension [Product Container] to the values of [Product Container] that are in the [Product Container Set]. The IF THEN statement is necessary because the [Product Container Set] only contains the values TRUE or FALSE.
       
       The OR [Product Container] = "Medium Box" clause means that "Medium Box" will always be TRUE, and thus will always show in the view.
20. Drag [Product Container Filter (set)] to the Filters shelf
21. In the Filter dialog, check True and click OK