"Invalid Cursor State" Error When Connecting to a MS SQL Server Stored Procedure

When connecting to a MS SQL Server stored procedure, the following error message may appear:
 

[Microsoft][SQL Server Native Client] Invalid cursor state.

Cause

Stored Procedures can return anything.  This can prove problematic for Tableau where a data source should have a static schema.  Tableau Desktop will end up with the Invalid Cursor state error when stored procedures do not return any result set.  This can be tested by running exec dbo.<sproc name> <parameters> in a third party tool such as SQL Management Studio.  If the command runs with no results tab expect to receive an Invalid Cursor State error in Tableau Desktop.