Error "Operation timed out" When Connecting to Tableau Server

On the machine running Tableau Desktop: 

1. Click the Window Start button, type gpedit.msc in the 'Search programs and files' box, and then press ENTER.
2. In the console tree under Local Computer Policy\Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings, click Public Key Policies.
3. Double-click Certificate Path Validation Settings, and then click the Network Retrieval tab.
4. Select the 'Define these policy settings' check box.
5. Clear the 'Automatically update certificates in the Microsoft Root Certificate Program (recommended)' check box.
6. Under 'Default retrieval timeout settings', enter a timeout value of 1 in the 'Default URL retrieval timeout (in seconds)' box, and then click OK to apply the new settings.
7. Restart Tableau Desktop.