TODAY

Returns the current date as a date data type.

Use

TODAY()

Do not remove the parentheses.
Keep the parentheses empty. They do not need to contain a value.
Use a date field with a TODAY function instead of a date/time field. Last Activity Date is a date field whereas Created Date and Last Modified Date are date/time fields.
See NOW if you prefer to use a date/time field.
Dates and times are always calculated using the user’s time zone.
Use addition and subtraction operators with a TODAY function and other date fields to return a number representing a number of days. For example TODAY()-LastActivityDate calculates the number of days since the last activity date. In this example, the formula field data type is a number.
Use addition and subtraction operators with a TODAY function and numbers to return a date. For example TODAY() +5 calculates the date five days ahead of today. In this example, the formula field data type is a date.

Formula Example TODAY()-Sample_date_c calculates how many days in the sample are left.

Validation Rule Example

SampleDate < TODAY()

This example ensures that users cannot change the Sample Date to any date in the past.

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