String Functions for Formulas

Use a string function to manipulate the text data type, including email, phone, time, and date values. For example, change text from uppercase to lowercase, concatenate values from multiple fields, and replace values.

When you enter a formula, use the API name of the field in the expression, not the label. Enclose text in single straight quotes ('This is a string.') and parameters in parentheses.

Formula expressions support these string functions.

String Function	Description	Syntax
`char_length`	Returns the number of characters in the specified string. Length includes leading and trailing spaces.	`char_length(field)` `field` is the text field to measure. Example `char_length(product_name)`
`concat`	Returns a string by merging the values of the specified fields and input strings.	`concat(field1,field2,...fieldN)` `field1` is the first text field to include in the concatenated value. `field2` is the second text field to include. `fieldN` is any number of additional text fields to include. Example `concat("OwnerId.FirstName",' ',"OwnerId.LastName")`
`endsWith`	Returns True if the specified string is found at the end of the field value. You can use this function only in `case` functions.	`ends_with(fieldName,literal`) `fieldName` is the text field to search. `literal` is the value to search for at the end of the field.
`instr`	Returns the first location of the text in the specified field. You can specify a different position to start the search or find the location of a different search string.	`instr(field, searchString, [position, [occurrence]])` `field` is the text field evaluated to find the `searchString`. `searchString` is the text field searched for in the `field`. `position` is the location in `field` where to start the search. If you don't specify a position, the search begins at position 1. `occurrence` is the `searchString` instance to return. If you don’t specify a position with the occurrence, the search begins at position 1. Example: Evaluate text for an exclamation point `instr('123!456!78!', !) --The result is 4 instr('123!456!8!', !, [4]) --The result is 7 instr('123!456!8!', !, [4, [2]]) --The result is 9`
`lower`	Returns the string with all characters in lowercase. If the input string is null, the result is null.	`lower(field)` `field` is the text field to convert to lowercase. Example `lower("Account.Industry")`
`ltrim`	Removes the specified characters from the beginning of a string in a field. If you don’t specify characters, it removes the string’s leading spaces.	`ltrim(field,[valueToBeRemoved]`) `field` is the text field to remove the leading spaces or specified characters from. `valueToBeRemoved` is the value to remove from the string. If unspecified, the transformation removes the leading spaces. Example: Trim the leading space characters from a string `ltrim(' 5 Spaces Before')`
`md5`	Returns a 32-character string that is a text representation of the hexadecimal value of a 128-bit checksum.	`md5(field)` `field` (Required) is the text for which you want to calculate the checksum. Example `md5("Account_Name")`
`replace`	Replaces a string with another string. If any argument is null, the function returns null. This function is case-sensitive.	`replace(field,searchString,replacementString)` `string` is the text field that contains the string to replace. `searchString` is the string to replace. `replacementString` is the value to replace the string. Example `replace(Account_Name,'salesforce.com','Salesforce')`
`rtrim`	Removes the specified characters from the end of a string in a field. If you don’t specify characters, it removes the string’s trailing spaces.	`rtrim(field, [valueToBeRemoved]`) `field` is the text field to remove the trailing spaces or specified substring from. `valueToBeRemoved` is the value to remove from the string. If unspecified, the transformation removes the trailing spaces. Example: Trim the two trailing space characters from a string `rtrim('2 Spaces After ')`
`sha2`	Converts a variable-length string of characters into a fixed-length string of characters. The character string is a text representation of the hexadecimal value of the checksum with the specified number of bits. SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 are supported. Bit length of 0 is equivalent to 256.	`sha2(field, bitLength` `field` (Required) is the text to convert into a into a character string. `bitLength` (Required) is an integer that defines the number of bits in the hash function. Valid values are 0, 224, 256, 384, and 512. Example `sha2('account_name', 224);`
`startsWith`	Returns True if the specified string is found at the beginning of the field value. You can use this function only in `case` functions.	`startsWith(fieldName,literal`) `fieldName` is the text field to search. `literal` is the value to search for at the beginning of the field.
`string`	Converts the date or number value to a string data type.	`string(expression)` `expression` is the date or number field to convert.
`substr`	Returns the specified number of characters from the string, starting at the specified position. Also called `substring`.	`substr(field,position,len)` `field` is the text field to extract the substring from. `position` is the starting character position of the substring. The first character in a string is position 1. If the position is negative, the position is relative to the end of the string. A position of -1 is the last character. `len` is the number of characters to return. If the length is 0, the output is an empty string. If the length is negative, the function returns null. This parameter is optional. Example `substr(Account_Id,13,3)`
`title`	Returns the string with the first character of every word in uppercase and the other characters in lowercase.	`title(field)` `field` is the text field to apply title case to. Example `title(Opp_Name)`
`trim`	Removes the specified characters from the beginning and end of a field value. If no string is specified, it removes the spaces from the beginning and end of a string.	`trim(field, [valueToBeRemoved)]` `field` is the text field to remove the specified substring from. `valueToBeRemoved` is the value removed from the string. This parameter is optional. If unspecified, the transformation removes the trailing spaces. Example `trim(' Spaces Before and After ')`
`upper`	Returns the string with all characters in uppercase. If the string is null, the result is null.	`upper(field)` `field` is the text field to convert to uppercase. Example `upper(First_Name)`

Notation for String Formulas
If you manually type your formulas, use single quotes ‘ for string literals and double quotes “ for joined fields with dot notation or reserved keywords.
Reserved Keywords in Formulas
Batch data transforms have reserved keywords that need special handling when manually writing formulas. Use double quotes “ when referencing fields that share a name with reserved keywords. To avoid cross-referencing your field names with this list, the best practice is to use double quotes around all field names.

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